Stereotypes prejudice Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes prejudice Essay Please complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: ?Race ?Ethnicity ?Religion ?Gender ?Sexual orientation ?Age ?Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Disability People think disability is a sickness People think they are a mence to others and society Disabled people are different and are not fully human. Gender Female role of taking care of the kids Male role of being the breadwinner androgyny, which is the blending of feminine and masculine attributes in the same individual. Age Ageism Senile or Demented Unproductive and uncreative Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. ?What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? Some aspects of stereotyping can be GOOD, BUT I HAVE YET TO SEE ANY THAT I WOULD CONSIDER GOOD. STEREOTYPING IS A WAY FOR US TO CATERGORIZE A PERSON OR GROUP INTO SOMETHING WE CAN NOT FEEL BAD FOR NOT LIKING. ?What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? Negative aspects of stereotyping play a big Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet ETH/125 Version 8 2 ROLE ON A PERSON. STEROTYPING PEOPLE IN A NEGATIVE MANNER HAS A LASTING DETRIMENTAL IMPACT ON THOSE WHO EXPERIENCE THE PREJUDICE. PEOPLE PERFORM POORLY IN SITUATIONS WHERE THEY FEEL THEY ARE BEING STEREOTYPED. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. ?Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. ?A stereotype is a belief about a certain group of people. Prejudice is a feeling about a person based on their membership in a group. Both stereotypes and prejudice can be either positive or negative. Discrimination is an action that denies the rights of a person due to their membership in a group. ?What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? Prejudice- ignorantly judging based on[stereotypes] pre conceptions. Pre- Judging someone before having the knowledge of who they are. Ex. I have a prejudice towards all teenaged mothers, because I assume they all slept around to get pregnant, because thats what my sister did. ( which doesnt make every ones situation the same. stereotypes- classifying groups of people based on race, gender, religion, creed, ethnicity, etc. Then believing all people who belong to that group are the same Ex: All homeless people arent educated. Iggnorance is what is the realtionship between the two of them. People being ignorant and making assumptions is found in both prejudice and sterotypes. ?What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Here are some examples that I think would help with preventing prejudice. It may not stop it all together, but it would help the situations from being uncomfortable. . Celebrate holidays with extended family. Use such opportunities to encourage storytelling and share personal experiences across generations. Invite friends from backgrounds different from your own to experience the joy of your traditions and customs. Be mindful of your language; avoid stereotypical remarks and challenge those made by others. Speak out against jokes and slurs that target people or groups. Silence sends a message that you are in agreement. It is not enough to refuse to laugh. Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet ETH/125 Version 8 3 Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Selection of Materials and Labour in Construction

Selection of Materials and Labour in Construction Suitable selection of materials and labour Insitu reinforcement concrete and structural steel are popular and dominates in the framing market of multi storey buildings. Through the above evaluation we found that the insitu reinforcement concrete frames materials and labour is pretty much stable then steel and precast concrete frame. Therefore, we recommend using insitu reinforcement concrete frame approach in this development. Cost Cost is one of the crucial factors need to be considered in the selection of structural framing options and this costs of framed structures can be affected by the market condition. Through our experience and market analysis, we found that the insitu reinforcement concrete frame is much cost efficiency compared to the others type of structural frame. This is due to steel is particularly volatile and always influence by the exchange rates due to international competitions. Adversely, cement price is more stable and according to BCA (2007), the statistic claims that the UK average cement price is stable over the last 10 years and it is raised below the inflation rate. Cement is one of the main components in the concrete mixture and thus cause the concrete price generally will be cheaper. Therefore it is wisely no to propose steel frame as its price fluctuate more frequently in comparing with concrete. Speed of construction In principle, the insitu reinforcement concrete frame has a disadvantage in term of construction speed it is relatively slow due to the time consumed for curing. However, lead time for steel frame actually is higher than insitu reinforcement concrete frame because one of the reasons is due to the steel frame need to pre-fabricate in factory and it is requires a number of fabrication processes. Lead time can be defined as the actual time counted from putting in an order (by the builder) until to the actual construction one site of a particular element. According to the lead time figure published in the Chartered Quantity Surveyor (1992), show that insitu reinforcement concrete frames lead times is 2-8 weeks and it is less than the steel frames lead times; with 8-14 weeks. Hence, the insitu reinforcement frame constructions total construction time would be shorter if compared to steel frame. Although steel frame construction has an advantage in term of faster structural erection time but in our opinion the shorter total construction time produced by insitu reinforcement frame construction is more crucial. Therefore, the insitu reinforcement concrete frame construction is more suitable and is recommended in this project. Ability to standardise The insitu reinforcement concrete frame is more flexible and tolerant in any alteration during the construction process. Any subsequence alteration is straightforward and it would not much affect the following construction sequence, process, cost and importantly greater delay would not happen. But, both the steel and precast concrete frame has disadvantages in the ability to standardise. This is due to both are factory prefabricated products and later only deliver to site for installation. Therefore any subsequence alteration in steel frame or precast concrete frame construction either in design or construction sequence will cause an impact in the factory production line as well as to the subsequent following construction planning process. Fire resistance The insitu reinforcement concrete frame has inherent fire resistance advantage compared to steel frame which fire resistance factor is not inbuilt. Therefore steel need additional fire protection work and this directly will involve additional construction time and cost. Size and nature of site As mentioned above both of the steel and precast concrete frame are prefabricated in the factory. Therefore, it has a disadvantage and limitation in producing huge structural frame during the prefabrication process and installation process at site. Similarly the delivery process of prefabricated huge frame will also tough and massive and not practical. But, this does not happen to the insitu reinforcement concrete frame where the huge structural elements can be adjusted and produced on site by constructing it in small part each time without affect by the factor of size and nature of site. Finally we would like to propose that this 10 storey building to be constructed by using insitu reinforcement concrete frame construction due to the above mentioned advantages. In addition, this insitu reinforcement concrete frame is more useful in accomplishing green process compared to steel frame. Adversely, we also do not negligence on the disadvantages points of the insitu reinforcement concrete frame such as quality control, massive construction process and etc. However, this insitu reinforcement concretes existent disadvantages factors can be reduced to an acceptable level by adopting a proper site management system and well planned construction process. REFERENCES: Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Comparison Of Reinforced In-Situ Concrete And Structural Steel In Multi-Storey Building Framework Construction, RIAD QUADERY (ICE Membership Number: 64405090) BCA (2007 Chartered Quantity Surveyor (1992) Unit 1 (c) In order to increase the building height to 30 storeys, the previous proposed structure need to consider and cope efficiently to the gravity loads and resists significant lateral loads or sway force cause by wind, while at the same time, not presenting excessive self weight loads on the foundation system. Therefore, some alteration in terms of frame will need to take into consideration for achieving the tall building design safety factor. According to Chew, Y L M., Construction Technology for Tall Buildings (2nd Edition), the amount of materials needed in a tall building to resist gravity loads is almost linear with its height, however the amount of material needed to withstand lateral forces increases with the square of the wind speed. The Figure 2.1 below is an illustration of the lateral forces imposed by wind increase exponentially with the building height. A) Introduction of Shear Truss Shear wall Structure Shear walls normally is reflected to the vertical elements in the lateral force resisting system (LFRS). This shear wall is very famous apply in many structures. For conventional concrete frame system, shear wall is designed to function as a deep, thin vertical cantilevered beams members where it is robustly connected from the roof level onto the foundations level. While at the same time the insitu reinforcement concrete floor are designed in robust connection into the shear wall (vertical element) and performing the function as a horizontal diaphragms to transfer lateral loads to the vertical element and subsequently into the foundation. Please refer the below illustration of Diaphragm of Shear wall (Figure B), Shear Wall Action (Figure C), Diaphragm Action (Figure D) and For this 10 storey office building, it is design with a symmetrical floor layout and this layout makes it suitably to create few shear wall system. Moreover this shear wall design and its implementation will only involve some minor arrangement and structural design alteration, such as; alter the type of foundation, convert the existing wall element become vertical reinforcement concrete wall, change the floor system in order it must be robust enough and able to transfer the lateral force to the shear wall within the limit of design deflection. Similarly the design of the beam (underneath at open space area) must be rigidly tied into the supporting shear walls make sure the lateral load can efficiently for transfer to the foundation. With the above alteration the whole shear wall will be formed (refer layout plan grid line A-B/3-6 F-G/3-6) and this new created system not only carries vertical load but it floor system acting as a diaphragm to transfer the lateral loads to this shear wall and then transfer those load to the foundation efficiently. With this alternative design the building height will able to achieve 30 storeys and maximum to achieve 35 storeys height. Besides, through this approach the overall building concept will be remained unchanged. B) Introduction of Frame Using Vertical Trusses, Belt Trusses and /or Outrigger Trusses This concept is development from the earlier shear wall. The purpose of this design is to provide a vertical truss call Outrigger Trusses where it is robustly connected to the perimeter column/exterior column with the purpose to form a much stiffer structure at external column and enables it to resist greater wind forces or other form of lateral load, as well as the resistant of gravity load. In addition the Belt Trusses will be built and it is functioning in wrapping through the perimeter column at the same level as the outrigger trusses to further stiffen of the structure. This design is suitable in apply to amend this building height into 10 storey. The Figure E and Figure F below shown two diagrams to illustrate the concept of this vertical trusses, belt trusses and outrigger trusses. In order to apply this concept in this project, the perimeter building column (facade column) will be tied by using beam act as outrigger trusses and robustly connected to central core (also act as shear wall). Through this alternative frame solution the whole structure will act as a large system will enabling a structure approximately 25% stiffer than a original structure solely relying on a shear truss or shear wall system while without changing the floor plan arrangement. Figure F shown how the outrigger truss combine with shear wall to further enhance this whole building structure to resist lateral forces. C) Introduction of Tube System and Bundle Tube System The tube system has been the most efficient structural system used for tall building. This tube approach creates a 3 dimensional system (Refer Figure G). This system can be formed by using the conventional frame system where the external columns around the perimeter of the building are designed in much closer together. Subsequently, these columns around the corners of the four building facades are tied robustly with short beam and will form a continuity system around all four facades and effectively create a structure similar to a huge box section that cantilevers from the foundation to the top of the building. This structural system capable in resisting lateral forces in any direction as in principle a Box section has inherent strength. This tube system is appropriate to adopt in order to increase this building height to 30 storeys. From this building existing layout design (in term of shape) it is suitably to form a Tube shape. Therefore, according to this tube system design criteria, the perimeter column (facade column) of this building will be placed much closer (Refer Figure H) and tied robustly by beam surrounded the four facades of the building and become more stiffened. This will enable the whole structure act as a whole system to resist the lateral force as well as functioning to transfer the gravity load to the foundation. The advantages of this tubes system is it is allow fewer interior columns, and so create more usable floor space. In addition the above propose tube system can wisely interconnected or combine act as a whole with the existing tube frames, i.e. two number of lift core and the alternative proposed new shear walls (position at grid line A-B/3-6 F-G/3-6), to create and perform another approach call bundle tube system. Through this combination a stronger structure will be created and efficiently to resist the lateral forces and gravity loads. The Figure F illustrate the bundle tube system and through this integrate structural frame it is definitely will become more efficiently to resists lateral loads or sway force cause by wind. As a conclusion, with the above solution of alternative frame design (i.e shear walls, vertical trusses, belt trusses and Outrigger Trusses, tube system). This building will be able to increase to 30 storey height with any one of the above single alternative frame design. However it is advisable to combine those approaches by looking at the advantages and permission of this existing symmetrical building layout with the objective to resists significant lateral loads or sway force (cause by wind), as well as cope efficiently with the gravity loads (vertical load). Moreover theses combination will not cause many changes in terms of the original design and the building concept. References: Chew, Y L M., Construction Technology for Tall Buildings (2nd Edition), Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Brick Industry Association, Technical Notes 24C-The Contemporary Bearing Wall, Introduction To Shear Wall Design, (Sept./Oct.1970)(Reissued May 1988) www.gobrick.com Tall Building Structures Analysis And Design, By Bryan Stafford Smith, Alex Coull) Introduction Double skin facades is very popular apply in many European cities. This wall system is attractive due to its characteristic such as durability, ecology, greener technology, aesthetical viewing and etc. This double skin facade able to provide natural ventilation into a building space and also can reduce energy consumption. These double skin facades sometimes also referred to as a building in building. Definitions This wall system can be define as a traditional single facade doubled inside or outside by a second, essentially glazed facade. Each of these two facades is commonly called a skin. Each of the facade skin can be constructed by various different combinations of materials, commonly by two skin of glazed. However, it is also popular to apply an outer layer of glass used together with a solid inner skin. The area between the two skins can call ventilated cavity or air space. It is purposely in such designed for vertical air circulation purposes. The ventilated cavity between the two skins can be in various widths, normally range from as narrow as several centimetres to as wide as several metres (in order to form accessible cavities). The cavity width will influence the way that the facade is maintained. This air circulation space can be used in many different functions, but in the simplest analysis, the air will be drawn into the building by applying the circulation utilises stack effect , so that a natural ventilation effect will be created for the internal space of the building. However, this cavity space in some other design can be consists of fan supported or mechanically ventilated. A) Natural Ventilation The design of exterior part of the skin forming a protective shield for the building and through the circulation utilises stack effect the natural air will be drawn into the internal space of the building, so that a natural ventilation effect will be created. Therefore, the interior comfort would not be affected even though the windows maintain open throughout the whole day. B) Promote Greener Technology The natural ventilation for high-rise conditions relatively will reduce air-conditioning loads and thus will minimise the CO2 output produced during the building operational phase. According to the research, carried out by Franklin Andrews, Professor Michael Wigginton of the University of Plymouth and Battle McCarthy, who represent the United Kingdom Department of Environment, Transport and Regions has shown that double skin buildings when compared to advanced single skin building are capable to reduce 50% of CO2 emissions within the cold temperate climate prevalent in the United Kingdom. C) Better acoustic insulation-improve noise protection Besides improved the noise protection, this double skin facade are capable to gain an excellent acoustic insulation magnitude even though under the windows open condition. The magnitude of the acoustic insulation is equal to that obtained in classical glass facade with the windows closed condition. D) Reducing heating energy requirement The air stored in the cavity between the two skins would be heated by the sun rays especially in winter time. Thus improving both the heat-insulating functions of the facade and its thermal performance and subsequently will reducing the heating costs. E) Reducing cooling energy requirement Double skin facade can allow for nigh-time cooling of the interior building with make the window in open during night time and thereby lessening cooling loads of the buildings HVAC system. Thus especially, apply during summer time the night cooling can cut down the building energy consumption particularly the costs of air-conditioning in the summer. F) Exploiting solar power Both energy consumption and costs are possible to reduce by utilize the suns energy particularly with the incorporation of photovoltaic glass. By this method, the air stored inside the cavity will be heat by the solar rays and reduce the energy consumption. G) Increased Natural Daylighting The double skin facade will improves the access of natural light transmission into the building space and thus will produce a better indoor comfort and give positive effect to occupants health and as well as increase the productivity of office personnel. Physically with this increased natural daylighting will cause a significant reduce in the amount of electrical lighting required because the quality of light from natural daylight is more preferential to electrical lighting. H) Fire Escape For some of the widest cavities (normally width range from 600mm to maximum 2m), located between the two skins will be able to provide a fire escape during fire occur. Therefore, with this back up emergency escape will enable the fire brigade to save more life during there is fire to the building. Conclusion The above have indicated the benefit of double skin facade wall and make it gain a lot of popularity throughout the world. References: Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Franklin Andrews, Professor Michael Wigginton of the University of Plymouth and Battle McCarthy www.glassinbuilding.com/double_skin_facades Coursework Unit 6 (b) The technical challenges that would need to overcome to produce a double skin facade for this building are as below; 1) Overheating challenges The overheating problem may happen especially on warm day where hot air will collects and emerge at the top air space and this may cause the top floor offices suffer due to this overheating issue cause by this accumulation of hot air in the cavity. Therefore, technically approach to overcome this problem is to design the air space. There are two type of air space, undivided air space, and divided air space. The undivided air space will has advantage from the stack effect. On warm days hot air collects at the top of the air space and with the appropriate openings at the top of the cavity, thus will siphon out warm air and at the same time the replacement of cooler air is draw in from the outside. The benefit of divided air space design is it can reduce over-heating particularly on upper floors. It is also can reduce noise, fire and smoke transmission within the division. Moreover, this floor-by-floor divisions add construction simplicity of a repeating unit and in turn can produce economic savings. From the above, indicate that both air space using the natural physics principals (hot air rises) to draw air upward. We need to highlight that the second type; i.e. divided air space by floor is practically apply for fire protection and sound transmission purposes. 2) Maintenance Challenges 2.1 Cleaning Although some of the building which is use the fully glazed double skin facade to achieve an aesthetical pleasing view but its maintenance is critical in terms of cleaning process. The air space need to be cleaned more frequently because this area is tend to emerge of dust particles which is circulates quickly during the ventilation process. From an research carried out by Terri Meyer, Associate Professor, school of Architecture, University of Waterloo indicate that glazed double skin facade need to carried out full cleaning regularly from 2 to 4 times a year. Therefore, the air spaces design criteria need to consider the imparts of cleaning especially for the continuous cavity. Similarly, others barrier elements such as louvers placed within the cavity must be removable in order to facilitate access during cleaning process. Normally a device called bosuns chair platform which is similar to the window washing rig is used to access the interior space of cavity for cleaning purposes. In some double skin facade design an open grates will be put at floor by floor or at particular place act as the cleaner standing platform and without affected the airflow design. For divided air space or cavity, normally the interior windows will function as the access panels for In some instances, where the cavity is more divided, the interior windows, whether operable maintenance purposes. Therefore the design of air space need a consideration to provide an adequate space for maintenance purposes besides the ventilation functionality. The interior clear dimension for air space is usually range from 600 to 900 mm. 2.2 Replacement of Deteriorate Mechanical Part The high-tech mechanic which is incorporated for the functioning of double skin facade (particularly in ventilation process) tend to have a higher failure rate and repair cost. The same mechanics also necessitate higher replacement costs. For instances, the replacement of wiring after a certain number of years. Therefore, a preventive checking is need to carry out frequently in order to detect any mechanical problem in an earlier stage before its give a negative impact onto the ventilation system. Besides, a proper data record and operation manual on those relevant mechanic device also need to be keep properly. Through this data any cases of malfunction of mechanic device would be able to find the direct causes and the solution can be carry out as soon as possible as well as in finding the suitable spare part replacement within a shorter period of time. 3) Control of Natural Ventilation For high-rise building with double skin facade, normally will found a problem on how to control and maintain its natural ventilation (here mean the quality of air) to its occupant. The area between the double skin facade in principle is not affected by high velocity wind because this area have been protected by the exterior skin. Therefore, this region typically will access by the inhabitants for natural ventilation and this will cause some unexpected impact of sound, smoke, noise or heat transfer over this zone either from one section, level or room to the proximity area. In order to eliminates these impact efficiently normally this buffer zone will be propose in compartmentalize design and separate into regions with air supplied by grilles or vents at the individual zone or each level. Then with the use of vents or grilles allows for the control of the incoming air by reducing air velocity, as well as protecting from the rain and reducing the noise transmission from the exterior. R egular cleaning process also need to be carried out in order to make sure that the ventilated air is always in good quality such as out of dust particle. Hence, high-rise building is essentially need to plan and implement this control in order all its occupant will be provide with a natural ventilation. 4) Fire Regulation Although the air space between the skins can be use for fire escape but the fire regulation might cause difficulties if no extra attention is provided. Therefore, for safety measured a proper indication of fire escape route have to provide and place at suitable location at each floor. 5) Reduce of Space As mentioned earlier the width of the cavity can be formed from few centimetres until few meters. So, this will cause some reduce in the building usable space. Therefore, it is significant to find the optimum cavity width in order to gain an optimum office space in this building. 6) Climate In some European country the double skin facade will face the climate issue such as humidity. For those double skin facade associate with the passive design strategies, (i.e. thermal mass) and radiant (hydronic) system , the condensation control will become an issue. Therefore, this critical factor need to be solved in order it would not give a negative comfort effect inside the building. This problem can be technically solved by adopting condensation control through the appropriated mechanical ventilated system, i.e. extract air system. This system normally apply for location where the natural ventilation is not possible (due to it locations inherent with high noise, wind and fume). Through this system the fresh air will be supply by HVAC and it is precludes the natural ventilation. These systems tend not to reduce energy requirements as fresh air changes must be supplied mechanically. In addition, the occupants are advisable not to adjust the temperature even though belong to their individual spaces. However, the priority consideration will still be put on the potential use of natural ventilation. For instances, to come out a desirable hours of natural ventilation scheduled through the utilisation computerise control system can achieve this objective. 7) HVAC Technically Design The HVAC will play a major role for the building where the natural ventilation is not suitable due to its negative climate conditions. Therefore, in cases the functionality of a HVAC system will become a significant point and it will give an impact onto the building ventilation system. So, in order to solve that problem, during the earlier design process need to fully integrates architectural and mechanical concerns is need to fully integrates during the earlier design process. By this earlier stage planning will able to achieve a smooth functioning of HVAC system. In economical point of view it will less costly and it is a wise planning because the cost saving figure is enough to compensate for the construction cost of the second facade. 8) Solar Heat Gain This point come to the issue of excessive of the incoming solar radiation above the comfort level especially in the summer time. So, in order to maintain solar heat gain under a standard design level is by preventing the heat from initially entering the space. Particularly for a highly full glazed building, normally an external shading devices are the most efficient means of reducing solar heat gain. However, this external shading devices need to be cleaned frequently in order its can function effectively. In the other approach is to use the special glazing such as spectally selective glazing and where this glazing materials is able to respond differently to various wavelengths of solar energy or in other means is to permit visible light while rejecting unnecessary invisible infrared heat. An ideal spectrally selective glazing permits only the art of the suns energy which is useful for daylighting. Another type of glass called electrochomic glass also able to improve the solar performance. The type of glass able to change its colour from clear to dark using electrical current. The electrical current can be activated in two ways, either by manually activated or by sensor reaction to the light intensity. In physic principle dark colour glass will reduce solar transmission into the building. Adversely when it is little sunlight, the glass will perform brightens in order to permit more suns ray into the building and minimized usage of artificial light. Both of the above mentioned materials is very practically apply for the full glazed double skin high rise building. Besides, the application of horizontal blind can permit use of daylighting and at the same time still can achieve the exterior view and it is a more economic approaches. 9) DSF Self Loading Transfer. This double skin facade (DSF) especially full glazed type, is unable to take its own load. Therefore, the dead load and imposed load of skins have to transferred to the adjacent structural wall and frames. Therefore, the design of structural wall and frames need to consider to carry the facade skins loading. 10) Installation Process Challenges His installation process is difficult especially for full glazed double skins facade because it is tough to work with the increase of the building height. Also encounter near misses and possibility of the hazard of falling. Besides the wind gust is always a question of safety to its installer. Moreover the are only limited movements in the working place. Therefore, the design of open grates to put at floor by floor to act as the installer standing platform is advisable and can ease the installation process. Conclusion From the above, we have analysed the possible technical challenges of the double skin facade for this propose 10 storey of office. Therefore, the project design team need to consider that technical challenges during the earlier stage of design in order to come out a proper and efficient double skin facade building design in terms of aesthetical pleasing and maintenance capability. References: Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Terri Meyer, Associate Professor, school of Architecture, University of Waterloo www.glassinbuilding.com/double_skin_facades

The Writing Process Essay -- Education, Recursive Process

Scores of composition instructors agree that writing should be taught as a recursive process, rather than a liner process, and they also agree that most writers employ certain writing strategies as they produce drafts. Sandra Perl’s article, Understanding Composing† shares these beliefs because she states: â€Å"writing does appear to be recursive, yet the parts that recur seem to vary from writer to writer and from topic to topic† (142). Perl explains that throughout the writing process, writers employ a â€Å"forward-moving action that exists by virtue of backward-moving action† (141). Furthermore, Perl claims that when writers plan, draft, and revise their writings, they use a process she labels as retrospective structuring which involves attending to a writer’s a felt sense, returning to the topic presented, rereading what has been already written, and reassessing the words written (145). Perl claims that the most important retrospective structuring feature involves writers paying attention to their felt sense, a term she borrows from Eugene Gendlin, a philosopher at the University of Chicago (142). Perl defines a writer’s felt sense as a bodily experience or nonverbal thought that â€Å"surround the words, or to what the words already present evoke in the writer† (142). Moreover, when writers use the process of felt sense they pause and react to â€Å"what is inside of them,† and writers seem to focus on â€Å"careful attention to one’s inner reflections and is often accompanied with bodily sensations†(Perl 144). Furthermore, Perl believes that skilled writers employ their felt sense unknowingly while unskilled writers can be taught how to pay close attention to their felt sense (144). Perl then describes that when presented with a topic, w... ...g (147). I believe that Perl offers some valuable insights to the composing process, and I agree with her that writing is a recursive process. As an English tutor, I always encourage my student to reread what they have previously written. In doing so, many students will discover that some sentences in their drafts †just do not sound right† and they are now able to make the necessary adjustments, making their writing more coherent. I also believe that rereading key words in the topic helps students generate new ideas and the key words in the topic could be used during a prewriting activity, such as creating a clustering diagram. Lastly, I am elated that Perl provides a name to something that cannot really be explained—felt sense. I will now be able to tell my students to â€Å"call up† their felt sense as way to aid with their writing.

Terror in Small-Town, USA :: Example Personal Narratives

Terror in Small-Town, USA Situated between the lush green rolling hills, is Small-Town, USA. It was election day, and looking forward to a visit to the ice cream shop, I accompanied my grandfather as he drove the ten-mile journey to town. Country life offered little excitement, but that day an air of uneasiness replaced the usual contentment one felt while passing aged buildings, their drabness contrasted sharply by a few colorful, modern improvements. Having spent the first ten years of my life here, it was easy to detect any change in the town's mood. I pondered the worried expression on the faces of the few people we saw on the streets. It seemed everyone was in a hurry. There were not the usual groups gathered to exchange local gossip. Most noticeable was the absence of children. As my grandfather's dilapidated Ford approached the town's only traffic light, we were greeted-not by flashing red, yellow or green--but by uniformed National Guardsmen armed with guns and appearing much out of place in such placid surroundings. As our vehicle slowed to a stop, I was aghast as I saw before me a huge machine gun, pointed in our direction. A young guardsman walked briskly to the car and explained, almost apologetically, "Sorry Sir, but we'll have to search your car. Just routine procedure." As the car was being searched, we learned the reason for such drastic precautionary measures. A man whom we knew and who was a candidate for the sheriff's office, had been brutally murdered in the presence of his wife and daughter. It was rumored that the opposing party was responsible for the fatal shotgun blast, and other rumors stated that explosives would be brought into town to bomb the courthouse. As this unbelievable information was being given, I sat petrified, trying to convince myself that this was the same town where, only yesterday, old men in dirty overalls lounged around the courthouse, spitting tobacco and discussing the forthcoming election. Dogs and children had romped freely on the sidewalks, while women browsed in the stores for hours without buying anything. Strangely, all this had changed overnight, and the preconceptions I had about our peaceful country and the glorious right to vote were beginning to sound as a sour note.

Double the Dose :: Feminist Feminism Gender Equality Papers

Double the Dose "Youz a hooooo! HO! Youz a hooooo! HO! I said dat youz a ho," screams the rapper Ludacris from my alarm clock radio at six o'clock in the morning. I slam the snooze button and curse myself for joining the army. I have physical training today. I jump out of bed and hurry to get dressed. Then, I run over to the training site and join the rest of my fellow classmates. These individuals are becoming very special friends to me. We run together; we do pushups and sit-ups together; we force each other to go further than the limit allows us; we yell at one another; and we feel pain together. The thing I love most about the army is that they aren't really supposed to classify us by any of our differences. As they say, we are one team fighting for a common goal. Yet, it was not so long ago that the military opposed of this type of mindset. Only recently has there been an initiative to integrate both sexes in the army. However, the step to combine men and women in the military doesn't necessari ly mean that bigot views and generalizations about the female gender are erased. In fact, as much as we would like to believe that we are improving as a society with the amount of laws and restrictions that we have against sexism, in truth, the double standards against women still lurk in the minds of many-unspoken but still heard. After an hour of training, I walk back to my dorm to take a shower and get dressed, but not in my regular school clothes-no way, today's Wednesday, the Battle Dress Uniform Day. I look at myself all the time in the mirror when I get dressed, but whenever it's Wednesday, I don't feel like the beautiful women I am supposed to be. For now, I am a man. No jewelry, hair pulled back, baggy camouflage clothes, and the strange feeling in my heart telling me that I'm being trained to kill. I spend the day walking around campus in my uniform trying to ignore the disgusted or confused looks I get from students. "Is she a dike?" I know many ask themselves because, of course, no 'real' woman would ever join the army. Sometimes I wonder myself if I'm a woman trying to be a man.

Fin 516 Quiz 1

1. | Question 😠 (TCO C) Blease Inc. has a capital budget of $625,000, and it wants to maintain a target capital structure of 60 percent  debt and 40 percent  equity. The company forecasts a net income of $475,000. If it follows the residual dividend policy, what is its forecasted dividend payout ratio? (a) 40. 61% (b) 42. 75% (c) 45. 00% (d) 47. 37% (e) 49. 74% | | | Student Answer:|   | (d) 47. 37 Equity required (Residual income) = $625,000*40% = $250,000 Dividend paid = $475,000 – $250,000 = $225,000 Dividend payout ratio = 225000/475000 = 47. 37% |   | Instructor Explanation:| Answer is: dText: pp. 570-572 – Residual Dividends, Chapter 14 Capital budget $625,000 Equity ratio 40% Net income (NI) $475,000 Dividends paid = NI – (Equity ratio)(Capital budget) $225,000 Dividend payout ratio = Dividends paid/NI 47. 37% | | | | Points Received:| 10 of 10 | | Comments:| | | | 2. | Question 😠 (TCO F) The following data applies to Saunders Corpora tion's convertible bonds: Maturity: 10 Stock price: $30. 00 Par value: $1,000. 00 Conversion price: $35. 00 Annual coupon: 5. 00% Straight-debt yield: 8. 00% What is the bond's conversion value? (a) $698. 15 (b) $734. 89 (c) $773. 57 (d) $814. 29 e) $857. 14 | | | Student Answer:|   | (e) $857. 14 Conversion ratio = Par value / Conversion Price= 28. 5714 =1000/35 Current share price= $30. 00 Therefore, conversion value of the bond= $857. 14 =28. 5714Ãâ€"30 |   | Instructor Explanation:| Answer is: e Chapter 19: pp. 770-774 Conversion value = Conversion ratio x Market price of stock = $857. 14 | | | | Points Received:| 10 of 10 | | Comments:| | | | 3. | Question 😠 (TCO B) SA – Your firm has debt worth $350,000, with a yield of 12. 5 percent, and equity worth $700,000. It is growing at a  seven percent rate, and faces a 40 percent tax rate.A similar firm with no debt has a cost equity of 17 percent. Under the MM extension with growth, what is its cost of equity? ( a) 19. 25% (b) 21. 75% (c) 18. 0% (d) 17. 5% (e) 18. 4% | | | Student Answer:|   | | | Instructor Explanation:| A is correct. Instructor Explanation: M & M Extension with Growth – Section 26. 4 (pp. 1011-1015) rsL = rsU + (rsU – rd)(D/S) 19. 25% = 17% + (17%-12. 5%)(350,000/700,000)| | | | Points Received:| 10 of 20 | | Comments:| this is you emailed solution – 4. (TCO B) SA – Your firm has debt worth $350,000, with a yield of 12. 5 percent, and equity worth $700,000.It is growing at a seven percent rate, and faces a 40 percent tax rate. A similar firm with no debt has a cost equity of 17 percent. Under the MM extension with growth, what is its cost of equity? My answer is: (d) 17. 5% rsL = rsU + (rsU – rd)(D/S) 17. 5% = 15% + (15%-10%)(200,000/400,000 I am not sure where you got the 15% number for the rsU or the 200,000 for D or the 400,000 for S the calculations and formula are correct but you used all incorrect inputs so I will give you 1/2 cr edit A is correct. Instructor Explanation: M & M Extension with Growth – Section 26. (pp. 1011-1015) rsL = rsU + (rsU – rd)(D/S) 19. 25% = 17% + (17%-12. 5%)(350,000/700,000) | | | 4. | Question 😠 (TCO B) Firm L has debt with a market value of $200,000 and a yield of nine percent. The firm's equity has a market value of $300,000, its earnings are growing at a  five percent  rate, and its tax rate is 40 percent. A similar firm with no debt has a cost of equity of 12 percent. Under the MM extension with growth, what would Firm L's total value be if it had no debt? (a) $358,421 (b) $377,286 (c) $397,143 (d) $417,000 (e) $437,850 | | Student Answer:|   | (c) $397,143 VTotal = VU + VTS, so VU = VTotal – VTS = D + S – VTS. Value tax shelter = VTS = rdTD/(rsU – g) = 0. 09(0. 40)($200,000)/(0. 12 – 0. 05) = $102,857 VU = $300,000 + $200,000 – $102,857 = $397,143 |   | Instructor Explanation:| Answer is: c Chapter 26, pp. 1011-1 015 Debt: $200,000 Equity: $300,000 rd: 9% rsU : 12% T: 40% g: 5% Firm L has a total value of $200,000 + $300,000 = $500,000. A similar firm with no debt should have a smaller valu(e) Here is the calculation: VTotal = VU + VTS, so VU = VTotal – VTS = D + S – VTS. Value tax shelter = VTS = rdTD/(rsU – g) = 0. 9(0. 40)($200,000)/(0. 12 – 0. 05) = $102,857 VU = $300,000 + $200,000 – $102,857 = $397,143 | | | | Points Received:| 20 of 20 | | Comments:| | | | 5. | Question 😠 (TCO A) Which of the following statements is CORRECT? (a) An option's value is determined by its exercise value, which is the market price of the stock less its striking price. Thus, an option can't sell for more than its exercise value. (b) As the stock’s price rises, the time value portion of an option on a stock increases because the difference between the price of the stock and the fixed strike price increases. c) Issuing options provides companies with a low cost method of raising capital. (d) The market value of an option depends in part on the option's time to maturity and also on the variability of the underlying stock's price. (e) The potential loss on an option decreases as the option sells at higher and higher prices because the profit margin gets bigger. | | | Student Answer:|   | (c) Issuing options provides companies with a low cost method of raising capital. |   | Instructor Explanation:| Answer is: d Chapter 8, pp. 306-310 | | | | Points Received:| 0 of 20 | Comments:| Companies do not issue Options – they are a trading vehicle of the exchanges – no capital from options go to the firm | | | 6. | Question 😠 (TCO F) Suppose the December CBOT Treasury bond futures contract has a quoted price of 80-07. What is the implied annual interest rate inherent in the futures contract? Assume this contract is based on a 20 year Treasury bond with semi-annual interest payments. The face value of the bond is $1000, and th e semi-annual coupon payments are $30. The annual coupon rate on the bonds is $60 per bond (or 6%).The futures contract has 100 bonds. (a) 6. 86% (b) 7. 22% (c) 7. 60% (d) 8. 00% (e) 8. 40% | | | Student Answer:|   | (d) 8% Quote: 80’07 0. 80 0. 07 N: 40 PV = (0. 80+0. 07/32) ? $1,000 = -$802. 1875 FV = $1,000 PMT = $30 I/YR = 4. 00% Annual rate: I/YR ? 2 = 8. 00% |   | Instructor Explanation:| Answer is: d Chapter 23, pp. 917-923 Answer Detail: Quote: 80-07 0. 80 0. 07 N: 40 PV = (0. 80+0. 07/32) ? $1,000 = -$802. 1875 FV = $1,000 PMT = $30 I/YR = 4. 00% Annual rate: I/YR ? 2 = 8. 00% | | | | Points Received:| 20 of 20 | | Comments:| | | | | |

Case Study Mcdonalds

SHERIDAN College CASE STUDY ON McDonald’s JASKARAN KULLAR 991313325 BUSINESS MARKETING JOHN COOPER 14, MARCH 2013 McDonalds A Current Marketing Situation STRENGTHS 1. McDonald’s is the world’s largest restaurant organization. 2. Strong brand name and recognition. 3 McDonald’s generate more than $40 billion in system wide sale. 4 It operates over 35000 restaurants in more than 100 countries on six continents. 5 It has an unparalleled global infrastructure and competencies in restaurant operations, real estate, retailing, marketing and franchising. McDonald’s website says that it is a leader in the area of social responsibility and is committed to protecting the environment for future generations. 7 Strong and wide communication channel in the market. (deng, 2009) 8 Play areas for children. 9 Large target markets. 10 Recession resistant (Birchall, 2008) 11 In September 2003 successful backing up of new products was launched with MTV’s advertisi ng campaign featuring the new tag line, â€Å"I’m Lovin’it†. (Jennifer, 2004) WEAKNESSES 1 McDonald’s has not achieved its growth expectations in past several years. Narrow Product lines. (deng, 2009) 3 McDonald’s brand association as a junk food. (deng, 2009) 4 Few option for healthy eating 5 High employee turnover rates. (macy, 2012) 6 McDonald’s also have some bad effects on environment. (ltd. , 2006) 7 McDonald’s also faces many types of legal actions on many issues. OPPORTUNITIES 1 Product packing for McDonalds now features QR codes for customers to get nutritional information. Mcnamara, 2013) 2 Opportunity to enlarge market, the consumers who care about health issue. (deng, 2009) 3 Slightly changing market brand image of McDonalds. (deng, 2009) 4 In 2009, McDonald’s launched its hefty Angus burger in all U. S. A locations. 5 Introduction of trans-fat-free French fries in all restaurants in the U. S. A and Canada. 6 Introd uction of McCafe. 7 Testing marketing fruits and vegetables as happy meal at some outlets. 8 McDonald’s franchises overseas became a favorite target of people and groups expressing antiglobalization sentiments. Entry into new and highly popular product categories. THREATS 1 Public attack about obesity issue. (deng, 2009) 2 Changing taste of consumers. (deng, 2009) 3 Unable to keep patrons as special order sandwiches offered by rivals Burger King and Wendy’s. 4 Promotional plans like McDonalds game found conspiracy with 51 people charged in a part of scam winning $24 million by stealing winning McDonald’s tickets. 5 McDonalds showed a delayed effect than other restaurants operators in switching over to zero trans-fat cooking oil. In 2001 McDonald’s was sued for hurting religious sentiments by vegetarian groups for not revealing its flavors in French fries as it added beef extract to vegetable oil and showing it as veg in menu. 7 Consumers began filing law suits that eating at McDonald’s had made them over weight. 8 Competition from burger kings and Wendy’s. (Thomadsen, 2007) MARKET SEGMENTATION TARGET MARKET| BABY BOOMERS| GENERATION X| GENERATION Y| GENERATION Z| DEMOGRAPHICS| 45-65+| 35-44| 19-34| 0-18|GEOGRAPHICS| URBAN| URBAN| URBAN| URBAN| PSYCOGRAPHICS| More concerned with low cholesterol food| More concerned with low fat food| More concerned with physical fitness food products| Generally eats taste oriented food products| BEHAVIOURAL| Mostly concerned with good quality of food products| Requires access with quick and fresh food service| Generally catch-up food by themselves by reaching out| Check out with friends and family| ISSUE ANALYSIS In 2004,Morgan Spurlock’s documentary film Super-Size Me gave very criticism to McDonald’s fast â€Å"nutrition†, in which he shows how he gains fat and destroy his health by eating McDonald’s. 2 In 1998 McDonald’s started â€Å"Made for youà ¢â‚¬  System but it was not successful. There was a decrease in growth of sales in stores. 3 In 1999 before the implementation of â€Å"made for you â€Å"scheme ,McDonald’s planned to provide about 190 million in financial assistance to its franchisees ,but the actual cost of implementing the system ran much higher than the corporation had estimated. In 2001, 51 people were charged conspiring to rig McDonald’s game promotions over the course of several years, revealing that $24 million of winning McDonald’s game tickets had been stolen as a part of scam. 5 In 2004, McDonald’s was sued for extracting a small amount beef added in to the vegetable oil used for cooking French fries. 6 Many people still complain that the food served by McDonald’s is not hot to eat. RECOMMENDATIONS PRODUCT :- 1 McDonald’s should provide hot food to eat because many customers complaint that their food is not so hot to eat otherwise it will affect sales. McDonal ds should bring some new healthier products for all ages because bad effect on health is one of the weaknesses of McDonald’s and bringing some healthier food will help to overcome this image. 3 McDonald’s should provide some free snacks because it will help it compete with its competitors and increase sales. 4 McDonalds should make their products in fat free oil because it will have good effect on health. 5 McDonald’s should also provide some regional food because in this way some rural people will also start accepting its products. Launching of new fried and bone in treats in Chicago. PRICE:- 1 The price of products should be affordable because if they will not be affordable to small income group then its sale will be affected and it will also give the opportunity to competitors to increase their sales. 2 The prices of products should be regularly checked so as to compete with competition because people will buy those products which they can get in low price. P LACE:- 1 McDonald’s should open new franchises in small cities also . It will help them to expand its business and increase growth. McDonald’s should increase the number of its franchises in all countries in order to expand its business. PROMOTION:- 1 McDonald’s should provide some discount on more products purchased because in this way people will buy more. Because some people will start purchasing more items if they can get discount. 2 McDonald’s should provide home delivery service because sometimes some people can’t go to store in order to purchase them. It will increase sales. 3 McDonald’s should provide online sale because in this way people can place their orders online. McDonald’s is working on new salads and wraps . (wong, 2013) 5 McDonald, s will test the new fried and bone in treats in Chicago. (wong, 2013) 6 Success of mighty wings in Atlanta. (wong, 2013) BEST RECOMMENDATIONS PRODUCT:- McDonald’s should provide som e healthier food for all ages because health obesity is the major problem with McDonald’s . In this way they can get good image regarding health. PRICE:- Prices of products should be regularly checked in order to compete with competition because people will cheapest product. PLACE:-McDonald’s should open new small franchises at small cities also because it will help him to expand its business and increase growth rates. PROMOTION:- McDonald’s should provide home delivery service because sometimes people can’t go to store in order to purchase product. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography Birchall, J. (2008). McDonalds claims fast food sales fighting off slowdown. Financial times. deng, t. (2009, may). McDonalds new strategy on changing attitudes and communication. International journal of marketing studies, 37-42. Jennifer, R. (2004). online branding :the case of McDonald's. ritish food journal. ltd. , n. m. (2006). ICCR sponsered proxy resolutions on genetically modi fied organisms gain recognition among shareholders at wendy's McDonald's . financial wire. macy, a. (2012). financing a remodel:a case of McDonald's Franchisee. journal of case research in business and economics. Mcnamara, B. (2013). McDonalds give the people what they want. Nutrition business journal. Thomadsen, r. (2007). product positiong and competion:the role of location in the fast food industry. Marketing science. wong, V. (2013). will McDonald's mighty wings fly? Business weak.